Offensive iOS Internals (On-demand)

In this unique course targeting the internals of the iOS operating system, you'll get a chance to explore various exploit mitigations, IPC mechanisms, and XNU internals. Develop skills in reverse-engineering iOS specific security features and gain a deeper understanding of exploitation techniques, including both userland and kernel-level exploits. Follow each stage of the jailbreak process, supported by case studies of real-world exploits.

Target audience

This course is specifically designed with the needs of modern iOS vulnerability researchers. This course will also be applicable for vulnerability researchers, penetration testers, mobile developers, or anyone keen to learn more about the iOS application security ecosystem.

Prerequisites

To successfully participate in this course, attendees should possess the following:

  • Working knowledge of cybersecurity and pentesting fundamentals
  • Basic working knowledge of iOS platform
  • Basic Linux skills and command-line proficiency
  • Understanding of fundamental programming concepts and looping structures in at least one higher-level language (Objective-C, Swift, C, C++, or similar)
  • Basic ARM/AARCH64 binary assembly and exploitation knowledge is recommended, but not required
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Course content:

Key Objectives

  • Introduction to ARM64 architecture
  • Overview of the iOS Kernel and it’s Security Mitigations
  • Reverse engineering iOS binaries (Apps and system binaries)
  • Get an intro to common bug various bug categories on iOS
  • Understand Memory allocation in Userland and Kernel
  • Learn how Sandboxing and Code Signing works in iOS
  • Get a deeper understanding of how Jailbreaks work
  • Learn how to Reverse engineer proprietary security mitigations
  • Learn using case Study of some real-world vulnerabilities including both Kernel bugs as well as bypass of Security mitigations
  • Learn to exploit different iPC mechanisms (mach_msg2, XPC etc)
  • Perform patch diffing on iOS updates to spot security-relevant code changes
  • Extract and prepare binaries, then use key tools for analysis
  • Become a Certified iOS Security Researcher (CISR)

 

01 Course Preview

  • Offensive iOS Internals - Trailer

02 Welcome to the course

  • Getting Started
  • Ethical Use Note
  • Ask the Instructors

03 Setting up your Environment

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Choosing Device vs. Corellium
  • Installing Necessary Tools on Computer
  • List of Tools for your Computer
  • Introduction to Corellium
  • Jailbreaking Your Device
  • About Jailbreaks
  • Installing Tools on Device & Installation Process
  • List of Tools for Device
  • Quiz 3.1
  • Homework

04 iOS OS and Filesystem

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Mobile Operating System Concepts
  • Virtual Memory Management Resources
  • Intro To iOS Filesystem
  • Daemon, Agents, and File Handles
  • Filesystem monitoring on iOS
  • Important Files on an iOS device
  • Quick Feedback Form
  • Quiz 4.1
  • Homework

05 ARM Assembly and Exploitation

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Introduction to ARM Common Instructions
  • ARM Calling Convention
  • ARM64 instruction set quick reference
  • Reversing a Simple ARM64 Binary
  • AArch Exception Levels
  • Proprietary System Registers
  • Quiz 5.1
  • Heap Overflow Challenge
  • Heap Overflow Solution
  • Use-After-Free (UAF) Challenge
  • UAF Challenge Solution
  • ROP Challenge Discussion
  • ROP Solution
  • Script for Rop Solution
  • Quiz 5.2
  • Homework

06 Debugging Tools and Setup

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Introduction to LLDB
  • Setting Up the Debug Server
  • LLDB Basic Usage
  • Memory Patching with LLDB
  • lldb usage quick cheat sheet
  • Quiz 6.1
  • Homework

07 Introduction to iOS Reverse Engineering

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Reverse Engineering using Hopper
  • Reverse Engineering using Ghidra
  • Intro To r2
  • Reversing Hello World in Objective-C
  • Reversing Hello World in Swift
  • Quiz 7.1
  • Homework

08 Mach-O Binary Format

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Universal Binaries Magic Numbers
  • Mach-O Binary Format
  • Custom Mach-O Binaries
  • The PageZero Segment
  • Quiz 8.1
  • Homework

09 iOS Kernel and ipsw Analysis

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Inside an IPSW File
  • XNU Kernel
  • Extracting Kernel Cache Kexts
  • Identifying Syscalls and Mach Traps
  • Identifying MIG Calls
  • Symbolicating the iOS Kernel
  • Quiz 9.1
  • Symbolicating with Disarm
  • Symbolication with ipsw
  • Deciphering Kernel Panics
  • Symbolication of Kernel Panics
  • IPSW Diffing
  • dyld Shared Cache Analysis
  • Device Tree
  • References
  • Quiz 9.2
  • Homework
  • Share Your Feedback

10 Code Signing Explained

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Analyzing Code Signatures
  • Entitlements Explained
  • Sign Binary with Entitlements
  • Trust Cache
  • Launch Constraints
  • Libmis.dylib
  • References
  • Quiz 10.1
  • Homework

11 Sandboxing in iOS

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Sandboxing Explained
  • Dumping Sandbox Profiles
  • Hardened Sandbox Profiles
  • Platform Sandbox Profile
  • References
  • Quiz 11.1
  • Homework

12 Analyzing Proprietary Security Mitigations

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Analyzing Proprietary Security Mitigations
  • Reversing the Lockdown Mode
  • SAD Feng Shui
  • Probabilistic Guard Zalloc
  • Privileged Access Never (PAN)
  • Quiz 12.1
  • Signed System Volume (SSV)
  • Blastdoor
  • Page Protection Layer (PPL)
  • SPTM-TXM
  • Pointer Authentication Codes (PAC)
  • Zone-Kalloc Type
  • References
  • Quiz 12.2
  • Homework

13 Memory Integrity Enforcement

  • About this Module
  • Glossary Module 13
  • Understanding Memory Integrity Enforcement (EMTE)
  • Address Sanitizer vs MIE
  • Finding the IRG/STG Instructions
  • Analyzing MIE Crash Logs
  • Checking Apps for MIE Implementation
  • Quiz 13.1
  • Homework

14 iOS IPC

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Mach Messaging Introduction
  • mach_msg2
  • Debugging Mach Msg2
  • XPC
  • References
  • Quiz 14.1
  • Homework

15 iOS Exploitation Concepts

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Exploit Primitives
  • PUaf Primitive and Multi-Level Paging
  • Reference Counting
  • Compiling Dopamine Jailbreak
  • Compiling kfd Projects
  • Calculating Offsets and Symbols Dynamically
  • References
  • Quiz 15.1
  • Homework

16 Exploitation Case Studies

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Case Study: CVE-2023-23536
  • Physpuppet in Action
  • Setting up the Freed Pages to be used
  • Quiz 16.1
  • Building a Kernel r/w primitive
  • Getting a Better Kernel r/w primitive
  • Impact of Signed Data Pointers
  • Operation Triangulation PPL Bypass Case Study
  • Quiz 16.2
  • References
  • Homework

17 Jailbreaking Steps

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Elevating Privileges
  • Remounting Preboot Partition
  • Injecting Base Bin Binaries into Trust Cache
  • Bootstraps
  • Bypassing Code Signing
  • References
  • Quiz 17.1
  • Homework

18 Malware Analysis

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Intro to Malware Analysis
  • Where to Download Malware
  • References
  • Quiz 18.1
  • Homework

19 Patch Diffing in iOS

  • About this Module
  • Glossary
  • Intro to Patch Diffing
  • Getting the Required Binaries
  • Extracting Binaries One Liner
  • Patch Diffing Tools & Techniques
  • Quiz 19.1
  • Case Study: CVE 2025-24201 WebKit OOB r/w
  • Case Study: CVE 2025-24203 XNU Page Zeroing Bug
  • Case Study: 2025-24200 USB Restricted Mode Bypass
  • Case Study: 2025-43200 iMessage Logical Bug
  • Case Study: 2025-31201 RPAC PAC Bypass
  • References
  • Quiz 19.2
  • Homework

20 CISR Mock Exam

  • CISR Mock Exam

21 Certified iOS Security Researcher (CISR) Exam

  • CISR Exam details
  • Next steps
  • Schedule Exam
  • Certificate of Completion

Certification

This course leads to the CISR (iOS Security Researcher) certification delivered by 8KSec. The exam is included in the course. 

 

FAQ – Offensive iOS Internals (On-Demand)

How much does the course cost?
The course costs NOK 13,500 excluding VAT. Norwegian VAT of 25% applies, bringing the total price to NOK 16,875 including VAT. The Certified iOS Security Researcher (CISR) certification exam is included.

How is the course delivered?
The course is delivered as self-paced, on-demand e-learning through 8kSec Academy. Participants can access recorded lessons, practical exercises and self-assessments, allowing them to study according to their own schedule.

How long does the course take?
The course includes approximately 17 hours of video content across 104 videos. The estimated completion time is 3–5 months, depending on previous experience and study pace.

How long will I have access to the course?
Participants receive 365 days of access after purchase, allowing time to complete the lessons, work through practical exercises and prepare for certification.

Who should attend this course?
The course is designed for professionals interested in iOS operating system security, reverse engineering, vulnerability research and exploitation techniques.

  • iOS vulnerability researchers
  • Penetration testers and ethical hackers
  • Mobile security researchers
  • Reverse engineers
  • iOS developers
  • Security engineers
  • Cybersecurity professionals interested in low-level mobile security

What prerequisites are required?
Participants should have a working knowledge of cybersecurity and penetration testing fundamentals, basic familiarity with the iOS platform, Linux command-line skills and an understanding of programming concepts in Objective-C, Swift, C, C++ or a similar language.

Do I need experience with ARM64 assembly?
Basic knowledge of ARM or AARCH64 assembly and exploitation concepts is recommended but not required. The course introduces ARM64 architecture and includes practical exercises covering assembly, reverse engineering and exploitation fundamentals.

What will I learn during the course?
You will develop practical knowledge of iOS operating system internals, reverse engineering and vulnerability research. After completing the course, you will be able to:

  • Understand ARM64 architecture and common instructions
  • Explore iOS kernel architecture and security mechanisms
  • Reverse engineer iOS applications and system binaries
  • Analyse memory allocation in userland and kernel environments
  • Understand iOS sandboxing, code signing and entitlements
  • Investigate jailbreak mechanisms and exploitation concepts
  • Analyse proprietary iOS security mitigations
  • Understand inter-process communication mechanisms such as Mach Messaging and XPC
  • Debug iOS binaries and investigate kernel crashes
  • Perform patch diffing to identify security-relevant changes
  • Study publicly documented vulnerabilities and exploitation case studies

Is the course hands-on?
Yes. The course includes practical exercises, reverse-engineering demonstrations, debugging labs, exploitation challenges and case studies involving real-world iOS security vulnerabilities.

Which topics are covered?
The course covers a range of iOS security research topics, including:

  • iOS operating system architecture and filesystem
  • ARM64 assembly and exploitation fundamentals
  • Heap overflows, use-after-free vulnerabilities and return-oriented programming
  • Debugging with LLDB
  • Reverse engineering with Ghidra, Hopper and radare2
  • Mach-O binary formats
  • XNU kernel architecture and IPSW analysis
  • Kernel symbolication and crash analysis
  • Code signing, trust caches and entitlements
  • Sandboxing and platform security controls
  • Pointer Authentication Codes (PAC)
  • Page Protection Layer (PPL) and SPTM/TXM
  • Memory Integrity Enforcement
  • Mach Messaging, mach_msg2 and XPC
  • iOS exploitation concepts and jailbreak architecture
  • Mobile malware analysis
  • iOS patch diffing and vulnerability case studies

Does the course cover iOS kernel security?
Yes. The course explores XNU kernel internals, kernel caches, system calls, kernel symbolication, memory management and security mitigations. It also examines publicly documented kernel vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques.

Does the course cover reverse engineering?
Yes. Participants learn to analyse iOS applications, system binaries and kernel components using tools such as Ghidra, Hopper and radare2. The course also covers Mach-O formats and ARM64 assembly.

Does the course cover jailbreaking?
Yes. The course explores how iOS jailbreaks work, including relevant security mechanisms, privilege escalation concepts, code signing, trust caches and exploitation case studies.

Is this an iOS application penetration testing course?
Not primarily. Offensive iOS Internals focuses on operating system internals, vulnerability research and low-level exploitation. Participants interested specifically in assessing application-level security vulnerabilities may prefer Practical Mobile Application Exploitation.

Which tools are used during the course?
The training introduces tools and technologies including LLDB, Ghidra, Hopper, radare2 and utilities for IPSW analysis, binary extraction, kernel symbolication and debugging.

What equipment do I need?
Participants need a laptop with at least 8 GB RAM, 40 GB of available disk space and administrative access. A physical jailbroken iOS device running iOS 16 or later, or access to a suitable virtualized environment such as Corellium, is required to complete the labs.

What language is the course delivered in?
The video instruction is in English. Subtitles are available in English, German, Spanish, French, Arabic and Japanese.

Does the course prepare me for certification?
Yes. The course prepares participants for the Certified iOS Security Researcher (CISR) certification from 8kSec Academy. The certification assesses practical knowledge of advanced iOS security, including userland and kernel components.

Is the certification exam included?
Yes. One attempt at the Certified iOS Security Researcher (CISR) certification exam is included in the course price.

How is the certification exam structured?
The CISR certification exam is a 24-hour hands-on assessment designed to evaluate practical iOS security research skills. Participants must successfully complete the assessment to earn the certification.

Will I receive a certificate of completion?
Yes. Participants receive a certificate of course completion. The CISR professional certification is awarded separately after successfully passing the certification exam.

Can the course be purchased for a team or organisation?
Yes. Group enrolment is available for organisations wishing to train multiple employees. The training provider offers group pricing and optional learner progress tracking for larger teams.

What makes this course valuable?
The course provides specialised training in the internal workings of iOS and the security mechanisms that protect the platform. Through reverse engineering, practical labs and vulnerability case studies, participants develop skills relevant to advanced mobile security research, kernel analysis and exploitation research.